Oral Complications of HIV Infection

Hairy leukoplakia is the most common oral lesion (20.4%) in HIV-infected patients. Candidiasis is the next most common lesion (5.8%).

Candidiasis

Oral candidiasis (thrush) often precedes the development of AIDS in HIV-seropositive individuals. The most common form of oral candidiasis is pseudomembranous candidiasis, appearing as white plaques on any oral mucosal surface, which may be as small as 1 to 2 mm or may be widespread. Lesions can be wiped off, leaving an erythematous or bleeding mucosal surface.

The erythematous form of candidiasis appears as smooth red patches on the hard or soft palate, buccal mucosa, or dorsal tongue. Angular cheilitis due to Candida infection produces erythema, cracks, and fissures at the corner of the mouth.

Diagnosis of oral candidiasis is by potassium hydroxide preparation of a smear from the lesion.

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